Lipid profile and cholesterol of pork with the use of glycerin in feeding / Perfil lipídico e colesterol da carne de suínos com uso de glicerina na alimentação

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of adding different levels of glycerin in the feeding on the lipid profile and cholesterol of the meat of finishing pigs. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial 5x2, being five levels of glycerin in the diet and two genders. Sixty (60) swine of the Topigs genetics (30 barrows and 30 gilts) were used; they presented initial average weight of 79.3+4.0kg and were finished with the weight of 106.2+4.5kg. The levels of glycerin utilized were 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200g/kg in the natural matter. The analyses of lipid and cholesterol profile were conducted in the muscles longissimus dorsi (loin) andsemimembranosus (ham) on the left side of the carcasses. Interaction occurred between the levels of crude glycerin in the diet and the sexual category for the profile of fatty acids and cholesterol. On the loin the meat of the barrows presented higher means of C16:0, C16:1, C20:3ω3, C18:1ω9c, Total of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids. On the ham, increased means were found for the fatty acids C18:1ω9c, MUFA, activity of ∆9-desaturaseC18 and ElongaseC16-18 in barrows. The sows' meat presented higher proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids and of the series ω6 for both the cuts. The amount of cholesterol in the sows' meat presented increase according to the level of glycerin in the meat. The barrows' meat presented indices of atherogenicity greater than the gilts. The levels of glycerin altered the lipid profile and cholesterol content according to the sexual category, promoting a distinct effect on the loin and ham.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do fornecimento de diferentes níveis de glicerina na alimentação sobre o perfil lipídico e colesterol da carne de suínos em terminação. O delineamento experimental foi organizado inteiramente ao acaso (DIC), com fatorial 5x2, sendo: cinco níveis de glicerina na dieta e dois sexos. Foram utilizados 60 suínos da genética Topigs (30 machos castrados e 30 fêmeas), apresentando peso médio inicial de 79,3+4,0kg, e foram terminados com peso de 106,2+4,5kg. Os níveis de glicerina utilizados foram de 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200g/kg na matéria natural. As análises de perfil lipídico e de colesterol foram realizadas nos músculos longissimus dorsi (lombo) e semimembranosus (pernil) do lado esquerdo das carcaças. Ocorreu interação entre os níveis de glicerina bruta na dieta e a categoria sexual para o perfil de ácidos graxos e colesterol. A carne dos machos castrados apresentou no lombo maiores médias de C16:0, C16:1, C20:3ω3, C18:1ω9c, Total de ácidos graxos Saturados (SFA) e Monoinsaturados (MUFA). No pernil, maiores médias foram verificadas para os ácidos graxos C18:1ω9c, MUFA, atividade da ∆9-desaturaseC18 e ElongaseC16-C18 em machos castrados. A carne das fêmeas suínas apresentou maiores proporções de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados e da série ω6 para ambos os cortes. A quantidade de colesterol na carne das fêmeas suínas apresentou aumento em função do nível de glicerina na dieta. A carne dos machos castrados apresentou maiores índices de aterogenicidade que das fêmeas. Os níveis de glicerina alteraram o perfil lipídico e teor de colesterol em função da categoria sexual, promovendo efeito diferenciado no lombo e pernil.(AU)

Qualidade da carne de suínos com uso de glicerina na alimentação / Meat quality of swine with the use of glycerin in feeding

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do fornecimento de diferentes níveis de glicerina na alimentação sobre a qualidade da carne de suínos em terminação. Foram utilizados 30 machos castrados e 30 fêmeas que apresentaram peso inicial de 79,3±4,0kg. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados (peso inicial) em esquema fatorial 2 × 4 + 2, sendo duas categorias sexuais (macho castrado e fêmea), quatro níveis de glicerina bruta (50, 100, 150 e 200g/kg) e dois grupos controle (macho castrado e fêmea alimentados com dieta sem glicerina), totalizando dez tratamentos com seis repetições e a unidade experimental representada por um animal. Após o abate, foram realizadas as análises físico-químicas e centesimais dos músculos Longissimus dorsi (lombo) e Semimembranosus (pernil) do lado esquerdo das carcaças. Os resultados mostraram interação entre os níveis de glicerina e sexo para a intensidade de vermelho e cinzas no pernil. Observou-se que, nos corte do lombo, o pH final dos machos castrados foi maior do que o das fêmeas suínas. Os resultados indicaram que suínos machos castrados apresentaram maior teor de extrato etéreo no pernil e no lombo quando comparados às fêmeas. No pernil, o teor de cinzas das fêmeas suínas foi superior ao dos machos castrados. Entretanto, no lombo, não se verificou influência dos níveis de glicerina sobre a composição centesimal. Contudo, apesar de o uso da glicerina ter ocasionado modificação na cor vermelha e teor de cinzas no pernil de machos castrados, de forma geral não provocou mudanças relevantes sobre as características físico-químicas e centesimais da carne de suínos, podendo ser utilizada até o nível de 200g/kg na alimentação desses animais...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of providing different levels of glycerin in the diet on meat quality of finishing pigs. 30 barrow and 30 female pigs were used, with initial weight of 79.3±4.0kg. A randomized block design was used (initial weight) in a factorial 2 x 4 + 2, being two sex categories (barrow and female), four levels of crude glycerin (50, 100, 150 and 200g/kg) and two control groups (barrow and female fed diet without glycerin), in a total of ten treatments with six replications and the experimental unit represented by an animal. After slaughter were carried out the physico-chemical and centesimal analysis of Longissimus dorsi (loin) and Semimembranosus (ham) on the left side of the carcasses. The results showed interaction between barrows and levels of glycerin to the redness and ash of the ham. It was observed that in the loin cut the final pH of the barrows was higher than the female pigs. The results indicate that barrows had higher ether extract content in the ham and loin compared to females. In the shank, the ash content of sows was higher than that of barrows. However, in the loin, there was no influence of the levels of glycerin on chemical composition. Nevertheless, despite the use of glycerin having caused changes in the red color and ash content in the leg of castrated males, in general it did not cause significant changes on the physico-chemical and centesimal characteristics of pork and can be used up to the level of 200g/kg in the feed of these animals...

Quality of broiler meat of the free-range type submitted to diets containing alternative feedstuffs / Qualidade da carne de frangos de corte do tipo caipira submetidos a dietas contendo alimentos alternativos

The work had the intention of investigating the effect of the use of alternative feeds as part replacers in diet-formulating, evaluating the characteristic physicochemical alterations and centesimal composition of the free-range chicken. In the experiment a total of 192 (one hundred and ninety-two) birds of the Pescoço Pelado (Label Rouge) strain arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) formed by 4 treatments (Treatment 1 (Control), Treatment 2 (10% of the inclusion of rice bran), Treatment 3 (10% of the inclusion of ground cassava leaf) and Treatment 4 (10% of the inclusion of ground leucaena hay) with 8 replicates per treatment were used. The results revealed greater values of b* (yellow), Saturation (C*) and pH for broiler meat with inclusion of ground cassava leaf and leucaena, while for the other variables of physicochemical composition, no influences of the treatments were not found. For centesimal composition the treatments showed greater values of moisture in relation to the control treatment. For sex, only a difference for the content of b* and C* was found, with higher values for female. The use of the alternative feedstuffs has not revealed marked influences on the chemical composition and quality parameters of free-ranging chicken’s meat with the use of replacement up to 10% in the diets.

O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o efeito do uso alimentos alternativos como substitutos parciais na formulação das rações, avaliando as alterações características físico-químicas e de composição centesimal de frango caipira. No experimento foi utilizado um total de 192 (cento e noventa e duas) aves da linhagem Pescoço Pelado (Label Rouge), sendo organizado através de um Delineamento Inteiramente ao acaso (DIC) formado por 4 tratamentos (Tratamento1 (Controle), Tratamento 2 (10% de inclusão de Farelo de Arroz), Tratamento 3 (10% de inclusão da Folha da Mandioca Triturada) e Tratamento 4 (10% da inclusão de Feno de Leucena Triturado) com 8 repetições por tratamento. Os resultados revelaram maiores valores de b* (amarelo), Índice de Saturação (C*) e pH para carne de frango com inclusão da Folha de Mandioca e Leucena triturada, enquanto as demais variáveis de composição físico-química não foram verificado influência dos tratamentos. Para composição centesimal os tratamentos apresentaram maiores valores de umidade em relação ao tratamento controle. Para sexo, somente foi verificada diferença para o teor de b* e C*, com maiores valores para fêmea. O uso dos ingredientes alternativos não revelaram influências marcantes sobre a composição química e parâmetros de qualidade das carnes de frango caipira com o uso de substituição até 10% nas rações.

Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from corneal ulcers of dogs

A total of 22 clinical specimens were obtained from 19 dogs with corneal ulcer (16 unilateral and three bilateral) for isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation of the isolated bacteria. Bacterial growth was observed in 100 percent of the samples (n=22). Staphylococcus intermedius was the predominant species (35.5 percent), followed by Corynebacterium xerosis (19.3 percent). Gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and tobramycin had a high efficacy against all of the isolated bacteria. The results evidenced that 80.7 percent of the isolates were Gram positive cocci and Gram positive bacilli, and that those microorganisms were sensitive to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and tobramycin.

Utilizaram-se 22 amostras de material, obtidas de 19 cães com úlcera de córnea, sendo 16 unilaterais e três bilaterais, para isolamento e avaliação da susceptibilidade antimicrobiana das bactérias isoladas. Observou-se crescimento bacteriano em 100 por cento das amostras (n=22). A espécie predominante foi Staphylococcus intermedius (35,5 por cento) seguido de Corynebacterium xerosis (19,3 por cento). Gentamicina, ciprofloxacina, cloranfenicol e tobramicina apresentaram alta eficácia contra todas as bactérias isoladas. Os resultados evidenciam que 80,7 por cento dos isolados foram cocos e bacilos Gram positivos e que estes microrganismos foram sensíveis à gentamicina, ciprofloxacina, cloranfenicol e tobramicina.

Phenotypic characterization of three clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Ceará, Brazil

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis was found in a small cluster of cases in Tejuçuoca, Ceará, Brazil. Tests were carried out to determine its phenotypic characteristics: colony morphology on Ashdown agar and MacConkey agar, biochemical profile in conventional biochemical tests and API 20NE, arabinose assimilation and susceptibility testing by disk diffusion, comparing with data in the literature. This study confirms the presence of B. pseudomallei in Brazil and describes its characteristics.

Onychomycosis in Ceará (Northeast Brazil): epidemiological and laboratory aspects

Knowledge of epidemiological and mycological characteristics of onychomycosis has been noted by many authors as being an important tool for control of these fungal infections. This study seeks to improve knowledge of onychomycosis epidemiology and mycological features. Samples were taken from infected fingernails and toenails of 976 patients undergoing treatment at a respected Dermatology Center in Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Specimens from 512 patients (52 percent) were positive for onychomycosis. From the culture-positive samples, yeasts of the genus Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis) were dominant. The dermatophytes isolated (Trichophyton rubrum, T. tonsurans, T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes) were dominant in 46 patients (12.99 percent). The mould Fusarium spp. was isolated from 29 patients (8.19 percent). Yeast of the genus Candida is the main causal factor in onychomycosis in our region. Also, the study showed the importance of performing direct examination and culture in diagnosis of onychomycosis.

Perfil hematológico e avaliação eletroforética das proteínas séricas de cães com cinomose / Hematological profile and electrophoretic evaluation of serum proteins of dogs with canine distemper

The hematological and serum proteins electrophoretic profiles of 13 dogs with distemper (Lentz inclusion body in leukocytes) were studied. The most frequent hematological findings were: normocitic normocromic anemia (61%), leukopenia (46%), left shount (54%), trombocytopenia (69%) and lymphopenia (85%). Electrophoretic analysis of serum proteins showed hypoproteinemia (54%), with reduced albumin and increased alfa-2 globulin. These findings can be used to support the clinical diagnosis of canine distemper.

Dermatophytes and saprobe fungi isolated from dogs and cats in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil

The possible involvement of saprobe fungi in dermatomycoses, as well as the determination of the incidence of dermatophytes in dogs and cats were studied. During a period of one year, 74 dogs and 18 cats, with cutaneous lesions suggesting mycoses were included in this study. The mycological analyses were conducted by direct microscopy and by fungal culture on Sabouraud agar, chloramphenicol Sabouraud agar and mycosel agar. Of the 92 samples, 21 resulted in positive cultures for dermatophytes. Dematophyte fungi pure cultures were obtained from 13 samples. A simultaneous growth of dermatophytes plus saprobe fungi was observed in 8 of the samples. Of the remaining 71 samples, no fungal growth was observed in 10 samples, and at minimum the growth of one saprobe fungi in 61. One, two and three genera of saprobe were isolated in 29, 30 and 2 samples, respectively. Microsporum canis was isolated in 6 (28.6 per cent) and 10 samples (47.6 per cent) from cats and dogs, respectively, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in 2 (9.5 per cent) and 3 samples (14.3 per cent) from cats and dogs, respectively. The following genera of saprobe fungi were also isolated: Alternaria sp (1.9 per cent), Chaetomium sp (1.9 per cent), Rhizopus sp (2.9 per cent), Curvularia sp (3.9 per cent), Candida sp (6.8 per cent), Trichoderma sp (6.8 per cent), Fusarium sp (7.8 per cent), Cladosporium sp (8.7 per cent), Penicillium sp (21.4 per cent) and Aspergillus sp (37.9 per cent)

Multirresistência a antimicrobianos mediada por plasmídios R em cepas de Shigella flexneri isoladas no nordeste do Brasil / Multiple antibiotic resistance mediated by R plasmid in Shigella flexneri strains isolated in the northeast of Brazil

Em amostras de S. flexneri, isoladas no período de 1989 a 1993, foi estudado o mecanismo molecular que mediava a multirresistência. Foram utilizadas no estudo 26 amostras de S. flexneri. Estas amostras foram submetidas a teste de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos, experimentos de conjugação e extração de plasmídios. Com relação ao padrão de resistência a antimicrobianos, observou-se que todas as amostras de S. flexneri eram resistentes a pelo menos três antimicrobianos. Das 26 amostras de S. flexneri doadoras submetidas ao processo de conjugação, 34,6% (9 amostras) resultaram em uma freqüência variável de transconjugantes. Das amostras que conjugaram, 100% transferiram o fator de resistência relacionado à ampicilina; sendo que em todas as transconjugantes foi evidenciado apenas um plasmídio de 23,1Kb. Este plasmídio, encontrado em todas as amostras de Shigellas, caracterizou-se como o portador de marca de resistência para ampicilina.

In Shigella strains were studied the molecular mechanism that mediated the multiply antibiotic-resistance. Twenty-six strains of Shigella flexneri were utilised in this investigation. These strains were submitted to disk diffusion test, mating experiments and plasmid isolation. In relation to antibiotics resistance standard it was observed that all Shigella flexneri strains were resistant to at least, three antibiotics tested. From twenty-six Shigella flexneri strains donors submitted to conjugation process, 34.6% (nine strains) resulted in variable frequency of transconjugants. From strains that conjugated, 100%, transferred the resistance factor acquainted with ampicillin. Being that, in all transconjugants which were observed, just one plasmid with 23.1 Kb was evidenced. This plasmid found in all strains was characterised as the cause of resistance to ampicillin.